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Passive: It was decided by the authorities that a curfew should be imposed.Īctive: The authorities decided to impose a curfew. For the difference between the two, have a look at the following examples: In fact, it makes it harder to read and less interesting than using the active voice, and usually adds unnecessarily to the word count.

Students often employ the passive voice when writing essays because they think it makes their writing look more intellectual. Though this is not itself a clunky phrase, its use is responsible for many a clunky sentence. If you’re tempted to write “first of all”, it’s also advisable to substitute it for “firstly”. First and foremost Avoid saying, for instance, “first and foremost came the chicken, and then the egg…”Ī common phrase to read in student essays is “first and foremost”, as in “First and foremost, we need to look at the evidence.” Since “first” and “foremost” mean the same thing, it’s unnecessary to say both: “Firstly” would suffice. “At the end of the day” is an idiom, and it’s therefore less appropriate to use in an academic essay anyway but if you do find yourself thinking of using it, remember that this phrase takes six words to say what could be said in one: “ultimately”. When the next word is “the”, the “of” is dropped, so the aforementioned example becomes “I finished all the cakes”. The “of” is only necessary when the word following it is a pronoun, as in “all of us” or “all of them”. This doesn’t just sound clunky – it’s wrong. Many people make the mistake of adding the “of” after the word “all”, as in “I finished all of the cakes”. For example, the phrase, “In order to assess the author’s intentions” would work just as well if it read, “To assess the author’s intentions”, and no unnecessary words will have been used. In most cases, the phrase “in order to” works just as well without the “in order”, with the infinitive form of the verb on its own. The clue here is in the meaning: “needless to say” doesn’t need to be said, as the sentence will work perfectly well without it. This phrase, in common with “it goes without saying”, means “it is assumed”, that something is self-evident, or “it doesn’t need to be said”. Needless to say Worse still is the common malapropism, “needles to say…” For example, “due to the fact that” can be changed to “because” or “since”, and so can “in light of the fact that” “given the fact that” can be replaced with “since”. Phrases that incorporate “the fact that” can virtually always be simplified. For example, “the data is expressed in terms of a percentage” could easily be rephrased to “the data is expressed as a percentage”. “In terms of Bronte’s imagery, the author has some interesting observations.” A better way of phrasing this would be to turn it around and change the “in terms of” to “about”: “The author has some interesting observations about Bronte’s imagery.” It’s almost always better simply to use a single preposition in place of this phrase. “In terms of” is a meaningless phrase often employed in speech, but it’s also popular with students who perhaps think that it makes their writing sound more academic by adding emphasis. In terms of “In terms of Jane and Mr Rochester’s relationship…” – No! This is by no means an exhaustive list, but once you’ve grasped why this lot degrade the quality of your writing, you should have a good idea of what else to avoid. Let’s start by looking at some of the most commonly used clunky phrases. If word counts are an issue, you’ll find a section at the end of this article discussing other ways of reaching the prescribed word count. In this article, we’re going to show you a few specific phrases that can be shortened or altered to make them more elegant. To improve your academic English, you’ll need to get out of this habit and start being more economical with your words. It’s not the case, of course it simply makes the essay harder to read, which defeats the object: a good essay should explain things clearly and be enjoyable to read. Another factor behind clunky phrasing is the need to sound more intellectual many students labour under the misapprehension that lengthening their sentences, and making their writing sound more complicated by using more verbose words and phrases, will make their writing appear more learned. This problem often leads to clunky phrases, with unnecessary additional words used as a filler to help reach the word count more quickly these words and phrases are usually redundant, read poorly, or take five words to say what could be said in one.

GOOD THING TO CRACK CROSSWORD HOW TO

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